Monday, October 18, 2021

Aula 01 - Microcamp

Pagina 26

There Be 

Class 3 - There is there are




1. Leia o texto sobre a sala de estar de Carol e escreva um texto sobre o que há na sua casa


The living room is a main part of  any house. There are many words relating to it that we could learn. Here are some of the most common words of all. Inside my living room I have a television and a controle remote that makes it easy to be to became a couch potato. I also have a diner table where I eat. The living room is the place where all my family often watch TV, surf online in the internet.




4. Página 29. 






Exercício de conversação: 

Comece com uma pessoa dizendo sobre um objeto que você vê na sala de aula, e aí a pessoa seguida comenta sobre um outro objeto, a outr apessoa diz os dois primeiros objetos e adiciona mais um e por assim vai... 

Pagina 30)






5) Complete as frases com as proposições de lugar:




A. Above
B.     Under
C.      In front of the desk
D.     On
E.    Near
F.    Besides
G. Next To

Página 32




6. Complete o texto com as palavras corretas: 


a) There is a mini table in front of the sofa


B) The pictures are above

C) Above the rug

D) in the sofa 

E) Under the window 

F) Living room


Listening 


3. Página 28. 


2. Class 3, da página 27 


Complete usando There is(ter) e There are (existir) e o número de objetos na cena da foto:


Diferença entre There is e There are 


there is one board

there are six chairs

there are three plants

there is a projection board

there are 3 desks

there is a window 


Explicação:


Significa que as frases no inglês entre there are e there is são do começo de frases, onde o "is" é determinado pelo verbo que segue, onde o verbo seria no singular para ser "is". 

As formas there is e there are são usadas em inglês para indicar a existência de algo.


A diferença entre there is e there are é que there is é a forma utilizada no singular e there are, a forma utilizada no plural.


Afirmativa, negativa, interrogativa, e abreviação.



Em português, embora considerado incorreto, é muito comum utilizarmos o verbo “ter” para expressar essa ideia de existência.

A melhor forma de fazer a tradução e compreender o que significa there is e o que significa there are, é através do uso dos verbos haver ou existir.

Observe os exemplos abaixo e veja quando usar there is e there are.

Como ex: 

There is a cat

The choice between the phrases there is and there are at the beginning of a sentence is determined by the noun that follows it. Use there is when the noun is singular (“There is a cat”)

If we want to say that something exists or doesn't exist somewhere or at some time, we often use 'there + be'. It's often used to talk about something for the first time in a conversation.


Página 33


7)


. There is a door next to the windows

. There is a coffee table in front of the sofa

. There are two windows

. There is a plant on the coffee table



Wednesday, October 13, 2021

Past Continuous



Forma Negativa do Passado Contínuo é feita acrescentando-se not entre o passado simples do verbo to be + o gerúndio (-ing) do verbo principal. Observe a tabela abaixo.


Iwas not working
Youwere not working
Hewas not working
Shewas not working
Itwas not working
Wewere not working
Youwere not working
Theywere not working
 


* FORMAS ABREVIADAS: was not - wasn't / were not - weren't. Ambas as formas são corretas e bastante comuns na Língua Inglesa. Observe alguns exemplos com as formas abreviadas:

wasn't watching TV last night. (Eu não estava assistindo TV ontem à noite.)

They weren't waiting for her at the airport. (Eles não estavam esperando por ela no aeroporto.)

Bob and Jamey weren't sleeping when Jane got home. (Bob e Jamey não estavam dormindo quando Jane chegou em casa.)

She wasn't reading a book, she was reading a magazine. (Ela não estava lendo um livro, estava lendo uma revista.)


NEGATIVE FORM: SUJEITO + PASSADO SIMPLES DO VERBO TO BE + NOT + GERÚNDIO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL (-ING)


Forma Interrogativa


Na Forma Interrogativa do Passado Contínuo, o sujeito posiciona-se entre o passado simples do verbo to be e o gerúndio (-ing) do verbo principal


Observe a tabela abaixo:

WasI working?
WereYou working?
WasHe working?
WasShe working?
WasIt working?
WereWe working?
WereYou working?
WereThey working?



Veja outros exemplos:


Were you sleeping? (Você estava dormindo?)

Were they studying fot the test? (Eles estavam estudando para a prova?)

What were the children doing in the bedroom? (O que as crianças estavam fazendo no quarto?)

Was it snowing this morning? (Estava nevando esta manhã?)



INTERROGATIVE FORM: PASSADO SIMPLES DO VERBO TO BE + SUJEITO + GERÚNDIO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL (-ING)

past continuous (passado contínuo) é um dos tempos verbais da língua inglesa, ou se pensarmos, o tempo no português seria o pretérito imperfeito (ação anterior ao momento da fala), é um tempo verbal usado para descrever ações que estavam acontecendo em um determinado período no passado. 


Esse tempo verbal pode ser entendido com a mistura do simple past (passado simples) do verbo to be (ser e estar) (was/were) + o gerúndio do verbo principal (-ing).


Ex: I was studying when you called me


When I woke up this morning, it was snowing.


I was sleeping when you called me.




Exemplos:

  • I was reading alone yesterday. 
  • I wasn't reading alone yesterday 
  • (Eu não estava lendo sozinho ontem)
  • You were saying something to her last week. (Você estava dizendo alguma coisa para ela semana passada)
  • He was feeling well yesterday. (Ele estava se sentindo bem ontem)
  • She was walking alone. (Ela estava caminhando sozinha)
  • It was raining last night. (Estava chovendo ontem à noite)
  • You were telling me the truth. (Vocês estavam me dizendo a verdade)

Past simple


The past simple shows us that an action was in the past, not in the present. Regular past simple verbs have -ed at the end (e.g. calledplayedarrived). Irregular verbs have a different form, usually with a different vowel sound (e.g. wake → wokebreak → brokefeel → felt).


Was/were + present participle


You were reading when I walked in.

Were you studying when I called you?

You were not working when I called you.


The Past Continuous has 4 main uses/functions:

Usos principais do Past Continuous:

Use 1 – an interrupted action in the past

Here the Past Continuous is used to indicate a long action that was interrupted. Usually the action that interrupts the long action is the Past Simple.


I was studying when Danny called me.

She was answering an important e-mail when I interrupted her.

While I was jogging, it started raining.

What was he doing when you walked into the room?

John was waiting for us when we got off the train.

I broke my leg while I was skiing.


Use 2 – parallel actions

The Past Continuous is used to indicate that two actions were happening at the same time; hence parallel actions.


I was watching TV while the children were playing outside.

Were you listening while Kevin was explaining the new policy?

While Sarah was speaking to Fred, Peter was trying to get her attention.

What were they doing while you were working?

We were discussing the new project and having a good time as well.


Use 3 – describing a mood/atmosphere

We can use the Past Continuous to describe several actions happening at the same time to describe the atmosphere or situation before or as a main action occurs.


When I walked into the bar, Danny and Fred were arguing again. Chris was chatting to the barman with his usual pint. Peter and Sarah were flirting with each other and Liz was telling the rest of the gang one of her outrageous stories about when she was an actress in the West End. The pub was already smelling of pub food and beer and I just felt that it was so good to be home.


Use 4 – repetition – irritation with 'always'

The Past Continuous with words such as 'always' or 'constantly' indicates something repeated or irritating. Words like 'always' should be placed between the auxiliary 'be' and the present participle.


She was always coming late for meetings. No wonder she was never promoted.

He was always boasting about his financial successes. It irritated us all no end.

I was constantly misplacing my glasses. It’s not a problem with contacts now.


While or when

With the Past Continuous sentences have clauses that start with ‘while’ or ‘when’. ‘While’ usually starts the clause with the Past Continuous, ‘when’ usually starts the clause with the Past Simple.


It started raining while I was jogging.  / While I was jogging, it started raining.

When it started raining, I was jogging. / I was jogging when it started raining.


Notice that although the meaning of each pair of sentences is the same, 'while' or 'when' shift emphasis.


Por exemplo, essa frase:


Can you see a difference in the meaning of these two sentences?

When the guests arrived, Jane was cooking dinner.
When the guests arrived, Jane cooked dinner.


In the first one, Jane started cooking dinner before the guests arrived. We know that because it uses the past continuous. In the second sentence, the guests arrived first and then Jane started cooking.


Monday, October 11, 2021

Verbo To Be - Aula inicial

O significado em português é “ser” ou “estar” na maioria das situações e o uso de um ou outro significado depende do que queremos dizer. Porém, há casos em que o verbo “to be” é utilizado de uma forma diferente em inglês e em português, por exemplo, para falar da idade.

Se uma pessoa diz: “I am Jaime”, se entende que o verbo equivale a “ser”, pois a pessoa está falando do seu nome: “Eu sou o Jaime”. No caso desta frase: “I am waiting”, o significado do verbo “to be” é “estar”: “Eu estou esperando”. 

Os usos do verbo “to be” em inglês são os seguintes: falar sobre nomes, por exemplo, como se chama uma pessoa; para expressar a idade de alguém ou algo (neste caso não significa ser / estar); para falar da nacionalidade e para indicar a profissão de uma pessoa.

O ponto mais complicado do verbo “to be” é adaptá-lo ao sujeito, que pode ser primeira, segunda ou terceira pessoa do singular ou do plural, além de saber utilizá-lo no presente ou no passado. O significado e o uso não variam, mas a forma como se escreve sim.

1. Conheça os verbos to be

Esta primeira dica pode parecer meio óbvia, mas muita gente não conhece realmente este verbo tão utilizado no idioma. Ele é essencial para uma efetiva comunicação na língua e pode aparecer de diferentes maneiras. Portanto, é necessário saber identificá-lo. Veja:

I am — I am happy. (Eu estou feliz). Primeira pessoa

You are — You are happy. (Você está feliz). Segunda Pessoa

He/She/It is — He/She is happy. (Ele/ela está feliz). Terceira pessoa

You are — You are happy. (Vocês estão felizes).

We are — We are happy. (Nós estamos felizes).

They are — They are happy. (Eles estão felizes).

Em uma breve comparação, quando temos a mesma frase em português, podemos perceber que o verbo muda de acordo com o sujeito. Assim, para o sujeito “I” eu uso o verbo “am”, uma das formas que o verbo to be apresenta. Para “you”, “we” e “they”, é utilizado o verbo na forma “are” e nos casos de “he”, “she” e “it” o verbo aparece como “is”.

2. Entenda as diferentes conjugações

Até aqui vimos o verbo to be no infinitivo (to be) e no presente (am, is, are), porém, como um verbo auxiliar que se preze, ele vai se alterar também quando conjugado no passado. Para essa conjugação, temos:

I was — I was very sick. (Eu estava muito doente).

You were — You were very sick. (Você estava muito doente).

He/She/It was — He/She was very sick. (Ele/ele estava muito doente).

You/We/They were — You/We/They were very sick. (Você estava/ Nós estávamos/ Eles estavam/ muito doente(s)).

Neste caso, se você ficar muito focado no português, pode se perder, porque temos uma das línguas mais difíceis do mundo. Por isso, mantenha o foco no inglês e veja como ficou até mais fácil. Agora, no passado, o verbo to be só vai modificar de duas maneiras: was e were. Na primeira e terceira pessoa você usa “was” e nas outras é só usar “were”.

3. Entenda como o verbo to be muda de acordo com o pronome pessoal

Já falamos várias vezes até aqui que o verbo to be se modifica de acordo com o pronome pessoal. Mas como isso acontece? Nada melhor que ver na prática, não é mesmo? Confira os exemplos:

My mother is playing with my brother. (Minha mãe está brincando com meu irmão).

The cats are eating. (Os gatos estão comendo).

Júlia is dancing with her daughter. (Júlia está dançando com sua filha).

Podemos verificar nos exemplos que quando falamos em pronomes pessoais estamos falando do sujeito que faz a ação do verbo. Assim, as formas “I, You, She, He, It, We, They” são uma maneira de pensarmos como a frase se constrói. Se substituímos “my mother” por “she”, saberemos que o verbo auxiliar será o “is” e assim por diante.

4. Aprenda a usar o verbo to be em perguntas

Uma outra dúvida que sempre surge na hora de formular frases em inglês está relacionada à flexão das perguntas. A pergunta, para nós — falantes de língua portuguesa — é identificada, geralmente, na entonação da frase ou no uso de auxiliares como o “por que”. Já no inglês, a frase tem que, obrigatoriamente, se modificar e o a ordem sujeito-verbo-complemento passa a ser verbo-sujeito-complemento.

Mas não é tão simples assim. Com outros verbos, que não sejam auxiliares, o uso de um auxiliar é necessário, como o “do”, por exemplo. Com o verbo to be, já que ele é um auxiliar, o “do” é dispensado. Vamos entender melhor vendo alguns exemplos:

Is she your friend? (Ela é sua amiga?). Yes/No, she is.

Are you busy? (Você está ocupado?). Yes/No, I am.

Am I beautiful? (Eu sou bonito(a)?). Yes/No, you are.

Quando pensamos direto no inglês, sem nos preocuparmos com traduções e decorebas, fica bem mais fácil entender as estruturas das frases. Aqui, vemos que o sujeito passa para depois do verbo e nas respostas também é preciso usar o to be em sua combinação correta com o pronome pessoal adequado.

5. Treine até aprender

Para aprender o verbo to be de vez e nunca mais ficar em dúvida quando alguém perguntar sobre como usá-lo nas frases, é preciso treinar. Lembrando, mais uma vez, que não é preciso decorar as conjugações, basta praticar.

Para aprimorar a sua prática, você pode assistir séries e filmes e prestar bastante atenção nos momentos em que o verbo be é utilizado. Você vai perceber que no uso algumas vezes temos a impressão de que o verbo não está ali.

Geralmente, na oralidade, eles contraem o verbo, o que também pode acontecer na escrita: I’m, You’re, She/he/it’s, We’re, They’re. O mesmo acontece com o verbo na negativa. Vejamos como ele fica: I’m not, You aren’t, She/He/It isn’t, We aren’t, They aren’t.

English expressions - Expressões e frases de efeito na língua inglesa


Expressões em inglês: 



you made your bed now lie in it


Every cloud has a silver lining


Get a taste of your own medicine


Go on a wild goose chase


Com significado direto:


Easy does it - Vai devagar



Friday, October 1, 2021

Brexit News Text - Texto 4

 The reading

The United Kingdom has voted to leave the European Union in what is being seen as a political earthquake. Just over 52 per cent of Britons expressed their desire to exit the EU in a referendum on Thursday. Currency markets were immediately affected as the British pound fell to its lowest level against the dollar since 1985. Britain's decision to leave has caused political upheaval. Scotland and Northern Ireland voted to stay in the EU and so politicians in both countries are now contemplating breaking from the UK. Right-wing politicians in Europe congratulated the UK for leaving. One said: "It is Great Britain's independence day. The people were asked, and they decided. The European Union as a political union has failed."



Make sure you try all of the online activities for this reading and listening - There are dictations, multiple choice, drag and drop activities, crosswords, hangman, flash cards, matching activities and a whole lot more. Please enjoy :-)



The magnitude of the result was summed up by Rob Ford, professor of politics at Manchester University, who said: "This is the biggest shock to European politics since the fall of the Berlin Wall." The vote has already prompted Britain's leader David Cameron to resign. He led the campaign to stay part of the EU and will step down in October. He said the country needed "fresh leadership". Less certain is the plight of the 3.3 million non-British EU citizens living in Britain, and the 1.3 million Britons living in other EU countries. Others may follow the UK's lead in exiting the EU. Representatives from Holland's Dutch Freedom Party and France's National Front Party said: "Now it is our turn."

Diferenças entre In, On, e At

inonat

Months: in January / in April
Seasons: in spring / in winter
Years: in 1984 / in 2015
Centuries: in the 20th century
Times of day: in the morning / in the evening
Longer periods of time: in the past / in the 1990s / in the holidays

Days of the week: on Monday
Days + parts of days: on Tuesday afternoon / on Saturday mornings
Dates: on November 22nd
Special days: on my birthday / on New Year’s Eve

 

Clock times: at 7.30 a.m. / at 5 o’clock
Festivals: at Christmas / at Easter
Exceptions: at night / at the weekend


in on at

Months: in January / in April

Seasons: in spring / in winter

Years: in 1984 / in 2015

Centuries: in the 20th century

Times of day: in the morning / in the evening

Longer periods of time: in the past / in the 1990s / in the holidays


Days of the week: on Monday

Days + parts of days: on Tuesday afternoon / on Saturday mornings

Dates: on November 22nd

Special days: on my birthday / on New Year’s Eve


 


Clock times: at 7.30 a.m. / at 5 o’clock

Festivals: at Christmas / at Easter

Exceptions: at night / at the weekend


Wow! That’s a lot of uses! So I have to learn all those?

Practicing reading: Going to the supermarket

 

English text describing going to the supermarket with a shopping list. Martha goes through the produce, meat and dairy sections of the store, selecting items on her list, and she checks to be sure she has everything she needs for a party. Useful English text for beginners with a step-by-step description of a visit to the supermarket. Answer the questions after the text to check your comprehension.

Practicing reading: Texto 2) Numbers (Números)

 

Numbers

Most individuals don't think about numbers, or numerical representations of quantity, but they play a major part in everyday life. To be sure, numbers determine the time individuals will wake up in the morning, how much money employees earn per hour, what day of the year it is, and much, much more.

Additionally, numbers impact everyday living on a much smaller scale. In the grocery store, for instance, numbers determine products' prices, the amount of a product available for purchase, how much money will need to be paid for products, and a whole lot else.

To understand larger (and more intimidating numbers), interested persons first need to understand basic numbers, or numbers from one to ten, as they comprise each and every advanced number, or a multi-digit number that indicates a larger amount/quantity.

The basic numbers are as follows:

One (1)

Example: "He purchased one watermelon from the grocery store."

Two (2)

Example: "She bought two types of bread from the store."

Three (3)

Example: "He decided to get three bags of onions when he went shopping."

Four (4)

Example: "In preparation for the party, Janice bought four cartons of ice cream at the store."

Five (5)

Example: "Joe picked up five boxes of cereal from the breakfast aisle."

Six (6)

Example: "A pound of beef costs a lot of money at my favorite grocery store."

Seven (7)

Example: "Seven of the 10 aisles at my local grocery store contain pasta."

Eight (8)

Example: "I bought eight cookies for the price of four at the store."

Nine (9)

Example: "There were only nine loafs of bread left at the grocery store."

Ten (10)

Example: "Ten pineapples sure is a lot, don't you think?"

After ten, eleven (11), twelve (12), thirteen (13), fourteen (14), fifteen (15), sixteen (16), seventeen (17), eighteen (18), nineteen (19), and twenty (20) follow. These numbers are seen less in grocery stores, as most prices are 10 dollars or less; it is however worth knowing these numbers, generally and, in terms of grocery shopping, for when the bill must be paid.

After twenty, numbers such as twenty-five (25), fifty (50), seventy-five (75), and one hundred (100) follow. So long as one knows the core number, or the number situated in the tens or hundreds position that determines the general amount, understanding these more complicated numbers won't be difficult. For example thirty-three (33) is simply "thirty" plus three; sixty-seven is "sixty" plus seven; and sixty-nine is simply "sixty" plus nine.


Did you understand the text? 


1) Which of the following best describes numbers?


 a) Digits 

b) Roman numerals

 c) Numerical representations of quantity

 d) None of the above


 2) Why are basic numbers important? 

a) They aren't; only advanced numbers are important 

b) They play an important role in daily living 

c) They are useful when reading advanced numbers 

d) B and C 


3) Basic numbers are best defined as: 


a) Simple numbers 


b) Numbers from one to ten 


c) Numbers greater than ten 


d) None of the Above